LLVM & compiler architecture
Why compilers split into front end, IR, and back end, and how that one decision lets n languages target m machines without an n×m explosion of compilers.
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These are my notes from learning LLVM's architecture: the three-phase compiler model, why GCC and the JVM take different shapes on that same idea, and how LLVM's library design, passes, and TableGen fit together. The diagram above is the source; pan and zoom into it directly.
Reference Material: https://aosabook.org/en/v1/llvm.html